The local varieties had no official status during the Gupta Empire, and with Bengal increasingly becoming a hub of Sanskrit literature for Hindu priests, the vernacular of Bengal gained a lot of influence from Sanskrit. These varieties are generally referred to as 'eastern Magadhi Prakrit', as coined by linguist Suniti Kumar Chatterji, as the Middle Indo-Aryan dialects were influential in the first millennium when Bengal was a part of the Greater Magadhan realm. Ancient Īlthough Sanskrit was practiced by Hindu Brahmins in Bengal since the mid- first millennium BC, the local Buddhist population was speaking in some varieties of the Prakrit. The descent of proto-Gauda, the ancestor of the modern Bengali language, from the proto-Gauda-Kamarupa line of the proto-Magadhan (Magadhi Prakrit). In 1999, UNESCO recognized 21 February as International Mother Language Day in recognition of the language movement. The Bengali language movement from 1948 to 1956 demanding that Bengali be an official language of Pakistan fostered Bengali nationalism in East Bengal leading to the emergence of Bangladesh in 1971. Bengali literature, with its millennium-old literary history, was extensively developed during the Bengali Renaissance and is one of the most prolific and diverse literary traditions in Asia.

īengali has developed over more than 1,300 years. Bengali is also spoken by the Bengali diasporas ( Bangladeshi diaspora and Indian Bengalis) in Europe, the United States, the Middle East and other countries. It is the most widely spoken language in the Andaman and Nicobar Islands in the Bay of Bengal, and is spoken by significant populations in other states including Bihar, Arunachal Pradesh, Delhi, Chhattisgarh, Meghalaya, Mizoram, Nagaland, Odisha and Uttarakhand. It is also the second official language of the Indian state of Jharkhand since September 2011. It is the second-most widely spoken of the 22 scheduled languages of India, and is the official language of the states of West Bengal and Tripura and the Barak Valley region of the state of Assam. Bengali is the fifth most spoken Indo-European language.īengali is the official, national, and most widely spoken language of Bangladesh, with 98% of Bangladeshis using Bengali as their first language. With approximately 300 million native speakers and another 40 million as second language speakers, Bengali is the sixth most spoken native language and the seventh most spoken language by the total number of speakers in the world. Bengali ( / b ɛ n ˈ ɡ ɔː l i/ ben- GAW-lee), generally known by its endonym Bangla ( বাংলা, Bengali pronunciation: ), is an Indo-Aryan language native to the Bengal region of South Asia.

Alphabets in bengali language